Sun is the center of our solar system. This thing is a kind of star, that's why sun can radiates light and heat. Then, these light and heat are radiated to everywhere and reach some planets and other space things around it include our earth.
Sun is a giant ball that consist of gases. This gases ball has a high temperature and pressure. On it's surface, the temperature may reach more than 6,000 degrees celcious. But in it's core, the temperature may reach around 15 million degrees celcious.
Because of the temperature in the core very hot, many Hydrogen atoms lost it's electrons. Then, these Hydrogen atoms move rapidly because of it's temperature and cause collisions with the others Hydrogen atoms. Then, this process cause a kind of transmutation that cause the Hydrogen atoms transformed into Helium atoms and occurred mass defect of the sun. After that, these mass defect are transformed into heat and light radiance. Then, both of them are radiated to everywhere. This is a reaction process that called Nuclear Process.
Sun has a structure that consist of an atmosphere and core. Sun doesn't has a crust like planets because sun has a temperature that doesn't allow it's surface for hardened.
Sun's atmosphere are divided into three parts: Corona, Chromosphere, and photosphere. Corona is the outermost part of the sun's atmosphere. In corona, there're some sun's activities that come from it's core. Sometimes, these activities appear in a great amount. That's why these activities may reach Corona. Recently, some radiance particles from the sun activities reach earth atmosphere and appears shiny light called aurora in the sky over artic and antartic.
Chromosphere is the second sun's atmosphere layer. This layer are located between Corona and Photosphere. The thickness of this layer is around 16,000 kilometers. Photosphere is the nearest sun's atmosphere to it's core. This layer is consist of a kind of shiny layer that radiated light to everywhere. Photosphere is a gas layer. The center of the sun is it's core. In this place, the temperature reach more than 15 million degrees celcious. This is a place in the sun where is the nuclear reaction happens and radiated to everywhere.
Did you know ? Everytime the sun radiates light and heat everywhere, The sun lost it's mass that called the mass defect. These mass defect are happens because of the nuclear reaction. If the sun's mass are all gone, The sun can't radiates light and heat anymore. This phenomenon will cause our solar system become very cold and covered by darkness. In Earth, this phenomenon will cause the death of any life one day. But, nobody know when it will happens.
Our universe is consist of many things like stars, planets, comets, etc. In this universe, there is many solar system, one of them is our solar system in The Milky Way (Bimasakti). Our solar system is consist of a sun as the center of our solar system and some planet in it's orbit around the sun. But, did you know? There isn't any life in our solar system except in our earth. Why???
From Islam and scientific facts side, we may know there are many facts that appear from them that may answer and explain why there isn't any live in other planets in our solar system.
Mercury is the first planet in our solar system, this planet is the nearest planet to the sun. This planet almost hasn't any atmosphere. That's why this planet's temperature are very hot and may reach 80 degrees celcious. this temperature will make leads in earth melts if the leads are brought into the Mercury. Because of it's temperature, this place can't be a living place for us.
The next planet is Venus, this planet has a thick atmosphere which consist of Carbon Dioxide and the others gases. Carbon Dioxide gases are dominated in Venus's atmosphere, this Carbon Dioxide will make an effects that called "The Greenhouse Effect" . This effect makes Venus's surface more heat and appears an effects like "Global Warming" in our earth now, But more heat. It's distance to the sun helps the heating of the Venus's surface too. This process makes this planet isn't suitable for our life.
At this moment we must go to Mars and ignore our earth first. Mars is the fourth planet of our solar system. This planet are called the red planet because this planet's surface has many rocks and grounds that colored red. Many people think this planet may become a living place for human's live because from a long research, researcher found Mars has some ice stocks, oxygen, etc. But, the amount of them are not enough for support our life in there. So, this planet can't be a living place for us.
The next planet is Jupiter, this planet is known as the biggest planet in our solar system. If we see carefully, you can see there is a giant redspot on it's surface. This redspot has identified as an eternal giant storm on the Jupiter surface. After that, Jupiter's atmosphere contains many methane that very dangerous for humans. Because of them, this planet can't be a living place for us.
After Jupiter planet, there are Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Saturn is the sixth planet in our solar system, this planet always get many attention from some researchers because this planet has 3 giant rings around it. These rings were formed by the frozen water in the space, then this water encircle the Saturn and form 3 rings.Uranus is the seventh planet in our solar system, like Saturn this planet has ring too. But, not as big as the Saturn's. Neptune is the eight planet in our solar system. Like Saturn and Uranus, these planets are very far. These planets are very cold because their distance between them and the sun are very far. These cold planets can't be a living place for us cause of the cold of the planets.
Farther than Neptune, there are many things like the others planets and the space things, most of them aren't unidentified yet because of their distance. In this distance, there are some planet like Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Iris. Pluto is the ninth planet in our solar system, this planet has an unique orbit because this planet's orbit form almost oval-round, so sometime, this planet become more near to the sun than Neptune this planet is smaller than our Earth and very cold beacuse of it's distance. So, this planet can't be a living place for us.
Haumea ,Makemake, and Iris are some planets that recently found. Most of them are unidentified yet. Beside these planets, Ceres, the largest asteroids in the asteroids belt is identified as a planet now because scientists who disagree with the IAU definition believe in a broader definition of planet that includes any non-self-luminous spheroidal body orbiting a star. When objects become spheroidal, that means they have enough self gravity to pull themselves into a round shape and subsequently become geologically differentiated into core, mantle, and crust, just like the larger planets and unlike shapeless, inert asteroids (planetoids). By this definition, our solar system has 13 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Ceres, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris.
After seen the explanation above, you may know why only in earth there are many living things. This because there are many things that support many life. This statement has proved by the amount of life in our earth. These many things that support many life are prepared by "something" that was very great. He is ALLAH the creator and the lord of everything.
Global warming is a condition that make the earth surface become more warm. Around ten years ago, global warming were just a discourse. But now, we have seen many facts about it. The Inuit's tribe has seen many sudden disappear of some giant icebergs. In the north pole, many polar bears have die due to starvation. And many more disaster like flood, typhoon, and many more in our world.
Global warming are very dangerous because global warming make the world's climate condition become more warm 5 degrees celcious. In this condition, global warming may melts both of the north pole and the south pole. This condition will make the surface of the ocean rise that may sink many island beneath the sea. At Siberia, this melt process has make many house splits into two. The house splits because the foundation of the house that called "permafrost" melts because of the global warming. Permafrost is a kind of stony matters that have froze at least 2 years. When this permafrost melts, the permafrost won't strong enough to support the house weight and make the house splits.
Global warming are caused by many gas like Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), and etc. These gases are created from "the unperfect" burning process (Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monooxide), interaction between humans and bacteries or from farm animal fescess (Methane), and the use of some sprays that contains CFC (CFC). Carbon Dioxide and Methane may make a green house effects that contributes for the global warming. But, the most dangerous gas is CFC. this gas was used in some sprays, if the sprays are used, the CFC gas will be released into the atmosphere, in the atmosphere, this gas will react with ozone gas (O3) and become oxigen gas. This process make the ozone layer miss many ozone, if the ozone layers loss many ozone, some ozone layer's holes will be formed. These holes will allow many ultraviolet radiences to reach the earth surface, this condition will make the rise of the amount of the skins cancer sufferer.
Global warming makes many climates change like some disturbance of the hydrology process, a warm place or region will become more warm, and many place will undergo into a long dryness.
Almost all of the global warming effects are bad. But, not all of them are bad, there is an effect that may has advantage. This effect may helps a "reforestation of the Sahara Dessert" and turn the Sahara dessert back into it first condition in 5.500 years ago, A FOREST.
THE MIRACLE OF THE HUMAN CREATION AND IT'S RELATION WITH AL-QUR'AN
Like other primates and mammals, humans have one method for it's reproduction process, this method called "internal fertilization process". Internal fertilization means this fertilization process between the "ovum cell" from the female body and "the sperm cell" from a male body happens in the body (female body).
Sperm cell and ovum cell are needed in the fertilization process. A sperm cell contains a genetic substance for forming the parts of human body. A sperm cell has a structure as a cell that consist of "head and tail", it's head is functioned as a "protector" for the genetic substance, and it's tail is functioned as a "machine" that helps the sperm to move to the ovum cell. Sperm are formed in male body, exactly in testis. The process of the sperm cells formation are called "Spermatogenesis."
Ovum cell is an egg cell (ovum cell = egg cell) that form a "zygote" when the ovum cell fused with a sperm cell (a fertilization process). the ovum cell can radiate a kind of chemical substance that make many sperm cells come around the ovum cell. Ovum cells are formed in female body, at ovarium, the process of the ovum cells formation are called "Oogenesis."
A fertilization process happens when a sperm cell fused with an ovum cell. In a fertilization process, the amount of the sperm cells may reach more than 2 million sperm cells, this large amount of sperm cells are a kind of "prevention" for the failure of fertilization because the female's womb contains a kind of acid. This acid may kill the sperm cells.
when a fertilization process happens, just one sperm cell that can enter and fused with the ovum cells, the sperm cell has a genetic substance that contains 23 pairs chromosome, one pair of them is a gonosome (sex chromosome). This chromosome pair determine the gender of humans, if the chromosome symbol is XX, the zygote will be a female. And if the chromosome symbol is XY, the zygote will be a male.
After the fertilization process, the zygote will split into two cells, then four cells, eight cells, more and more. After that, the zygote transform into embryo. Then, this embryo will improved itself in nine month. After nine month, the baby ready for it's born.
This fact is a fact that newly found in the end of 19th centuries. but, did you know? This fact are already known and written in Al-Qur'an, 14 centuries ago. This miracle process exactly written in:
Q.S AL-MU'MINUN : 12-14
Q.S AL-BAQARAH : 30
Q.S AZ-ZARIYAT : 56
Q.S AN-NAHL : 78
Archaeopteryx is a primitive animal that lives around 150 million years ago. This animal is a primitive reptile (not a bird). But, it's appearance look like a fuse of bird and reptile.
The first Archaeopteryx fossil was found at 1861 in Solfhen, Germany. This animal fossils are very rare, it because Archaeopteryx has a bone structure that has hollow in it's bone, this kind of bone make the Archaeopteryx bone easily broken when it in "fossilisation process."
Archaeopteryx is believed as the ancestor of birds. But, not like it's descendant, Archaeopteryx can't fly because the Archaeopteryx has a weak chest muscle, really different from a modern birds that has a strong chest muscle. This animal use it's dense wings that formed by feathers for "floating" in the air from a tree to another tree. Beside that, Archaeopteryx has a back feet structure and heels that show an Archaeopteryx feet are compatible for run, These feet structure show an Archaeopteryx walks very well on the ground.
Archaeopteryx was known as the first animal that has feathers on it's body. Many Paleontologist believe Archaeopteryx feathers are transformed from a long scale that transform beacuse some parts of it's scale are moved and growed like barbs, rachis, bristles, etc. Then, this long scale become light, elastic, but solid called feathers.
The usage of this feathers make Archaeopteryx's wings become very dense and make the Archaeopteryx may floating in the air without any problem with it's wings. This kind of wings are really different than "a wing membrane" that was used by "Pterodactylus", a more primitive reptile than Archaeopteryx. A wing membrane is easily broken, especially when this wing membrane are torn, the reptile can't fly and become die due to starvation. Archaeopteryx and the others birds don't have any problem like this. It because the feathers of Archaeopteryx and the others birds are easily change with the new ones.
The found of the Archaeopteryx fossils are very helped many researcher. It because the found of the Archaeopteryx fossil automatically connecting the evolution chains that missed between reptiles and birds.
