Cannibalism is a kind of eat and eaten process which sometimes happens. Cannibalism is almost same with usual "eat and eaten process" between predator and it's prey. But, the different is only at the prey. The predator and it's prey in the usual "eat and eaten process" are always different species. But, in cannibalism, the predator and it's prey are same in species.
Cannibalisms are quite rare happens on animals. But, there're some cannibalisms that really horrible. For example cannibalism on owl families. If food supplies can't fulfill the owlets necessity. The parents will eat some of the owlet. So, the food supplies can fulfill the left owlet.
The other example is cannibalisms on "scarabidae" or usually called dung beetle. Dung beetle usually eat a kind of "dung" as it's food, especially when it reproduced. Dung usually given by dung beetle parents to their children. But, if the dung supplies can't fulfill the necessity, the parents of beetles will kill and eat some of their children. So, the dung may fulfill the necessity.
From the example above, most cannibalisms are happens due to fulfill the necessity of food in some animal families. But, not all of the cannibalisms are happens due to this reason. Some of the canibalisms even happens only for survival. For example the most horrible cannibalisms that happens on sharks, especially white shark.
White Sharks were known as the most dangerous animal. This is maybe because this shark species is really a very wild shark. Beside that, this shark species is a cannibal. Even, this cannibalism mostly happens when this shark species still an embryo in it's parent's "womb". This shark embryo even preys it's sibling. This fact was known from a research at the shark's embryo.
There're still many kind of cannibalisms in the animal world. Some of them even horrible, but unique too.
65 million years ago, Dinosaurs and the other giant Reptiles are extinct. No one know why it happens. But, many hypotheses were appeared. But, still no one know the main cause of these reptiles extinction.
Since more than 100 million years before this extinction, the first mammals were born. These mammals were estimated only as big as modern mouse. Almost all of these mammals are nocturnal mammals due the reptiles especially dinosaurs which dominate the world at that time. But, around 65 million years ago, these giant reptiles and dinosaurs suddenly dissappeared from this world. Due to this mass dissappears, Earth become empty from giant reptiles and only mammals and a little of reptiles left.
The mass extinctions of dinosaurs and the other reptiles have allow the survived mammals to develop and grow into various mammals. Even, some of this species developed into winged mammals like bats and some other return to the sea like whale. This fact was known from the anatomy structure of human's hands, whale's fins, and bat's wings which show the homology of mammals anatomy.
Before mammals conquer the world, appeared a kind of giant carnivorous unfyable birds which called Ratit. These birds even have big sharp beak and claws that help these birds to kill it's preys. Even, this giant birds eat "Hyracotherium", the ancestor of Horse. But, the glory of these birds were not long lasting. Not long after they appears, they suddenly extinct.
The glory age of mammals reached at Eocene Era. At this era, mammals reach their most variation of their species. Even at this time, mammals were spread everywhere from continents to the depth of ocean. But, as same as ratit, this glory was not long everlasting. the world climates change, temperature become very low and cause "Ice Age" over the world. This ice age had cause the extinction of some mammals and the survived ones were suffers. But, this climates changes gave advantages to some big mammals like Mammoth and Megaloceros (the largest deer ever known).
But, not long after that, the climates were change once again. the temperature increase and back to normal. But, these two climates changes had suffer not only mammals but almost all of organisms. That's why many mammals become suffer and extinct.
Cells are the smallest part of organisms body. These things are the structural and functional unit in organisms. There're several types of cell. For example procariotic and eucariotic cells which divided based on the existation of membrane which cover the cell's nuclear. A cell will be classified as eucariotic cell if it have cell's nuclear membrane. If not, this cell will be classified as procariotic cell.
There're still many mysteries about cells. Especially cells mysteries which have relation with the origin of lives. One of them is the hypothesis about the origin of eucariotic cells which estimated come from procariotic cells. This hypothesis appears because the mystery of the lives origin that can't be solved.
This hypothesis said that eucariotic cells comes from procariotic cells. This is because there're many organeles and membrane structure that eucariotic cells have show similarities to whole procariotic cells structure. These similarities are estimated as the tranformation traces from procariotic cells into eucariotic cells. One of these traces is the cell's nuclear membrane. This nuclear membrane is said come from the cell's membrane which "fold" into it's inner cell. This folding maybe happens to protects the genetic substance which contained in the nuclear area in procariotic cells. As the evidences, you can see the nuclear membranes which show that these membrane are duplex (double membranes). Beside that, there's Endoplasmic Reticulum which said as the trace of the nuclear membranes formation.
Why Endoplasmic Reticulum said as the trace of the nuclear membranes formation? It because this organele connects the cell's nuclear and the environment outside cell. So, that's why this organele estimated as the trace of the formation of nuclear cell.
Beside this trace, there're Mitochondria and Plastide (Chloroplast) that also estimated as the traces. Mitochondria is an organelle which work as the place for cell's respiration. Plastide (Chloroplast) is an organele where photosynthesis take place. Plastide can be found only in photosynthetic cells.
Mitochondria and Plastide are estimated as a procariotic organism in the past. It because these organeles show similarities with procariotic organism. For example, the outter membrane of mytochondria which almost same with the nuclear outter membrane that estimated as the folding to the inner part. Even, Mitochondria has it's own DNA which really different with the nuclear's.
The formation of mitochondria and plastide are estimated start from an anaerobic eucariotic cell that "gulp" an aerobic procariotic cell by phagocytosis. After "gulped", this procariotic cell isn't diggested. But, become a kind of endosymbion that simbiote with it host (anaerobic eucariotic cell). This symbiosis gives benefits to these cells and cause they become unseparateable. Then, the aerobic procariotic cell become mitochondria and the anaerobic eucariotic cell become aerobic eucariotic cell.
That is the hypothesis of mitochondria origin. This hypothesis almost same with the hypothesis of plastide origin. The different is only the kind of procariotic cell that was gulped. If the mitochondria origin was estimated as aerobic procariotic cell. The plastide origin was estimated as photosynthetic procariotic cell. But, is this hypothesis right? No one know about it.
There're still many mysteries in this world. Beside that, there're still many human dreams that isn't come true yet. But, these dreams may come true because the development in technologies, for example Biotechnology.
Biotechnology is a kind of technology development in modern biology. This biotechnology give many advantage to our lives. It because this biotechnology has ease us. For example, this biotechnology has improve the produce of foods. Although it still can't fulfill the minus of foods amount due the foods crisis. Beside that, this biotechnology may ease the produce of drugs, especially antibiotics.
Biotechnology inventions has ease our lives. For example in agriculture. The inventions of plants that resistence to some insect has improve the amount of food production. Beside that, this insect resistence plants have decrease the use of pesticide. So, the environment won't be polluted. Beside that, researches of the bacteries genoms (especially E.coli) has allow researhers and scientists to modify bacteries genoms to produce antibiotics and hormones to heal some diseases. For example the productions of insuline hormone by modified the genoms of E.coli to produce insuline. This hormone is used to heal Diabetes Mellitus thats caused by the low amount of insuline hormone in the body.
But, some of these biotechnology inventions have cause really serious problem to our environment. Some of them even cause more problems than before the invention. For example is rot resistence tomatoes that come from the modify of tomato genom with goldfish genom. These tomatoes had caused serious problem to the fields where they were planted. The fields where these tomatoes were planted will become barren and unplantable anymore.
The another one that cause problems is insect resistence plants. Researches shows that these plants surprisingly can transport it resistence ability to a kind of grass. So, this kind of grass will be resistence.
But, there're still many advantage from biotechnology. This technology may make humans dream come true. Although it still can't now. For example, a kind of plant that can produce and serve environment safe "gasoline" for cars and other transportation user. So, it can fulfill the needs of environment safe gas and many others things. Although it still unable to make these dream come true. But, may these dream come true one day?
Around 400 million years ago, the first fishes were born. These fishes are protected by hard scales. These fishes still don't have any fins. Beside that, these fish are classified as a kind of "agnatha" fish due their "jawless" mouth. This kind of fish recently suck planktons and other nutrition from sea water around it. Even, some of them suck blood the other fish.
Actually, these fishes are classified as "Pteraspidomorphi". A family of ancient "jawless" fish. This fish family had been extinct due the development of a fish family which has jaws. With these jaws their food change and their body can grow bigger than before. A jawless fish which eats plankton will grow until it reach some pounds, but it will reach more than hundreds kilograms at a fish with jaws. It because this kind of fish use its jaws to hunts food espescially the other fish. But, no one know this kind of fish will be a sea monster at it's time.
This fish then grows and grows. Even it's species are increase rapidly at that time. Some of them adapted, so they have become a killer in the sea. Even, some of them are covered by not only scale, but also armor made from lisps. Even, this predator fish has mouth which contained sharp teeth which coated by some hard lisp. For example Coelacanth.
The largest carnivorous fishes are "Dunkleosteus". This fish body may grow into 9 meters long. Maybe this fish is the scariest fish in that ever live due it's sharp teeth that almost reach 1/2 meters. This fish is a terror at that time. But, in a short time, these fishes are extinct. No one know why this fish suddenly extinct.
Now, all kind of this primitive fish (pteraspidomorphi, placoderm, etc.) are extinct except Coelacanth, a lob finned fish that was already exist around 200 million years ago and still exsist until now. But, they had descent two kind of fish, Chondrichthyes a family of fish which has skeleton that constructed from cartilages and Osteichthyes a family of fish which has skeleton that constructed from hard bones. These fish are the fishes that were descended from carnivorous fish like "dunkleosteus".
